ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ubica a la tuberculosis (TB) como uno de los problemas de salud más preocupantes en la actualidad, y señala que se requieren de acciones novedosas para controlar su expansión y, de esta manera, alcanzar una de las metas establecidas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: reducir para 2030 la morbilidad e incidencia de TB. Para lograr este objetivo, está claro que las herramientas empleadas actualmente para su diagnóstico y tratamiento ya no son las adecuadas. En este sentido, es necesario desarrollar nuevos medicamentos y vacunas, así como novedosos procedimientos de administración de fármacos que generen una mejor respuesta, disminuyan el tiempo y optimicen los tratamientos. La nanotecnología ha incorporado en los últimos años un gran número de nuevas herramientas que incrementan considerablemente, la diversidad de mecanismos para la administración de tratamientos antituberculosos. Dicho esto, la presente revisión describe brevemente el estado actual de la farmacorresistencia en TB, así como las características generales de las nanopartículas que están evaluándose como herramientas para transportar antibióticos antituberculosos.
ABSTRACT The World Health Organization (WHO) places Tuberculosis (TB) as one of the most important health problems today. According to the WHO, this disease requires novel actions to control its expansion and, in this way, achieve one of the goals established in the sustainable development goals: to reduce TB morbidity and incidence by 2030 and regain control. To achieve this goal, the tools currently used for diagnosis and treatment are no longer adequate. In this sense, it is necessary to develop new drugs and vaccines, as well as novel drug administration procedures that generate a better response, reduce times, and optimize treatments. Nanotechnology has incorporated in recent years a considerable number of new tools that significantly increase the diversity of mechanisms for the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Therefore, the present review briefly describes the current state of drug resistance in tuberculosis, as well as the general characteristics of nanoparticles being evaluated as tools to transport new antibiotics against tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Nanoparticles , Antibiotics, Antitubercular , Biological Transport , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Drug Carriers , Morbidity , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
RESUMEN La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ubica a la tuberculosis (TB) como uno de los problemas de salud más preocupantes en la actualidad, y señala que se requieren de acciones novedosas para controlar su expansión y, de esta manera, alcanzar una de las metas establecidas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: reducir para 2030 la morbilidad e incidencia de TB. Para lograr este objetivo, está claro que las herramientas empleadas actualmente para su diagnóstico y tratamiento ya no son las adecuadas. En este sentido, es necesario desarrollar nuevos medicamentos y vacunas, así como novedosos procedimientos de administración de fármacos que generen una mejor respuesta, disminuyan el tiempo y optimicen los tratamientos. La nanotecnología ha incorporado en los últimos años un gran número de nuevas herramientas que incrementan considerablemente, la diversidad de mecanismos para la administración de tratamientos antituberculosos. Dicho esto, la presente revisión describe brevemente el estado actual de la farmacorresistencia en TB, así como las características generales de las nanopartículas que están evaluándose como herramientas para transportar antibióticos antituberculosos.
ABSTRACT The World Health Organization (WHO) places Tuberculosis (TB) as one of the most important health problems today. According to the WHO, this disease requires novel actions to control its expansion and, in this way, achieve one of the goals established in the sustainable development goals: to reduce TB morbidity and incidence by 2030 and regain control. To achieve this goal, the tools currently used for diagnosis and treatment are no longer adequate. In this sense, it is necessary to develop new drugs and vaccines, as well as novel drug administration procedures that generate a better response, reduce times, and optimize treatments. Nanotechnology has incorporated in recent years a considerable number of new tools that significantly increase the diversity of mechanisms for the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Therefore, the present review briefly describes the current state of drug resistance in tuberculosis, as well as the general characteristics of nanoparticles being evaluated as tools to transport new antibiotics against tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Nanoparticles , Biological Transport , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Morbidity , Anti-Infective Agents , Antibiotics, AntitubercularABSTRACT
The resistance of 139 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from the city of Monterrey, Northeast Mexico, to first and second-line anti-TB drugs was analysed. A total of 73 isolates were susceptible and 66 were resistant to anti-TB drugs. Monoresistance to streptomycin, isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol was observed in 29 cases. Resistance to INH was found in 52 cases and in 29 cases INH resistance was combined with resistance to two or three drugs. A total of 24 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) resistant to at least INH and rifampicin and 11 MDR cases were resistant to five drugs. The proportion of MDR-TB among new TB cases in our target population was 0.72% (1/139 cases). The proportion of MDR-TB among previously treated cases was 25.18% (35/139 cases). The 13 polyresistant and 24 MDR isolates were assayed against the following seven second-line drugs: amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), capreomycin (CAP), clofazimine (CLF), ethionamide (ETH), ofloxacin (OFL) and cycloserine (CLS). Resistance to CLF, OFL or CLS was not observed. Resistance was detected to ETH (10.80%) and to AMK (2.70%), KAN (2.70%) and CAP (2.70%). One isolate of MDR with primary resistance was also resistant to three second-line drugs. Monterrey has a high prevalence of MDR-TB among previously treated cases and extensively drug-resistant-MTB strains may soon appear.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Geography, Medical , Mexico/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is an ancient infectious disease that has appeared once again as a serious worldwide health problem and now comprises the second leading cause of death resulting from a single infection. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) TB is increasing and therapeutic options for treatment are not always accessible; in fact, some patients do not respond to the available drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-TB agents. The aim of the present study was to screen extracts of Aristolochia taliscana, a plant used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat cough and snake bites, for antimycobacterial activity. The hexanic extract of A. taliscana was tested by microdilution alamar blue assay against Mycobacterium strains and bioguided fractionation led to the isolation of the neolignans licarin A, licarin B and eupomatenoid-7, all of which had antimycobacterial activity. Licarin A was the most active compound, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 3.12-12.5 ìg/mL against the following M. tuberculosis strains: H37Rv, four mono-resistant H37Rv variants and 12 clinical MDR isolates, as well as against five non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains. In conclusion, licarin A represents a potentially active anti-TB agent to treat MDR M. tuberculosis and NTM strains.